The former player: 'I wanted to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This article contains details of discriminatory language and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell says that going public to expose racism in rugby union brought his professional journey to an premature end.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the sport, displaying Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to end my career because of what went on," he told reporters.
"I wanted to continue competing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were investigations going on.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and understand that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect enough proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in 2014.
"I've had multiple traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the problem that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just learn to think that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has placed significant focus on diversity and diversity in rugby union and a substantial amount of work undertaken both prior and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has in-person education on creating inclusive cultures, with its success monitored via specific documentation and feedback.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your career, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died shortly after the production of the film, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization aims to reach children in under-served communities and support them thrive on and off the pitch with free sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is prepared to share their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the game as excellent as it can be and the longer I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about discussing their own stories as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the horns and keep carrying this flag and keep supporting this responsibility and accomplish what I can to create possibilities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that the sport has the potential to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022